2024版《突唯》河南中考总复习2024英语第二部分中考语法突破动词和动词短语专题八语法专题知识网络图中考语法考点透析河南中考命题特点及预测分析河南近3年中考真题可知，动词和动词短语是必考点，且考查的题目较多，主要在完形填空和语篇填空两大题型中考查。在完形填空中，主要考查在语境中正确理解动词或动词短语的词义，以单个的动词居多，动词短语一般每年考查一个，主要是动词与介词或副词搭配的含义。在语篇填空的第一节中，主要考查通过语境分析和句意选择适当的动词，然后将其变为适当的形式，包括动词的原形、动词时态和语态等。在语篇填空的第二节中，主要考查系动词、助动词、情态动词等，有时也考查与动词构成的短语中的介词或副词。考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词词义辨析2023完形填空42placedraised/dropped/repairedHecarefullyplacedthehatonhisheadandstartedwalking…44stoppedguided/praised/refusedSuddenly，threeboysinhisneighborhoodappearedandstoppedhim.45laughedreplied/wondered/greetedTheboyslaughed，“Willanyonewearthatstupidthing？”考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词词义辨析2023完形填空51createshow/meet/plan“Keepinventingandonedayyouwillcreatesomethingreallygreat！”saidthelady.动词-ing形式语篇填空59work→workingTheysayIcanchoosewhateverIwanttodointheendifIkeepworkinghardatschool.动词时态65decide→decidedHaveyoudecidedwhatyouwanttodo？考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词词义辨析2022完形填空46realizedexplained/expected/promisedSuddenly，somethinghappenedinsideBella.Sherealizedthatherfather，aswellasahusband，mustbereallyworried.52managedecide/forget/understand“OK，Daddy，”saidBella.“Everythingwillbeallrightandwecanmanage.”Atthemoment，shesawasmileonherfather’sface.考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词词义辨析2022完形填空54bringkeep/turn/holdItwasreallygoodtobringasmiletoherfather’sface，evenforonlyamoment.55supportrefuse/control/introduce“Daddy，whateverhappens，wewillbeOK.Right？”“Yes，wewill.Ifwesupporteachother，we’llalwaysbeallright.”考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词时态2022语篇填空57develop→developedButmanychildrenhaven’tdevelopedtherighthabitofhandwashing.动词原形2022语篇填空59solveIssarandhisfrienddecidedtosolvetheproblemusingafunmethod.系动词66areTherearealotofgreatChinesesayingsandmanyofthemareabouthowtoliveagoodlife.考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词词义辨析2021完形填空42readingsinging/talking/laughingShealwayssatatthebackoftheclassroom，readingortakingnotes.43chosenwarned/forced/caughtEveryMondaymorning，therewouldbeaspecialshowinherclassandonestudentwouldbechosentomakeaspeechabouthisorherdream.考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词词义辨析2021完形填空47imaginerealize/examine/introduceSheadvisedMonicatopractice，toimaginethatshewasspeakingconfidentlyinfrontofherclass.53smiledagreed/answered/regrettedThewholeclassclapped（鼓掌）forafullminutewhenshecompletedherspeech.MissWhitesmiled.考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词词义辨析2021完形填空55believeexpect/discuss/expressPeoplewhoseeherontelevisionnowwillfindithardtobelievethatshewasonceashygirlwhorefusedtospeakupinclass.被动语态2021语篇填空57build→builtOneofthemostfamousplacesistheRedFlagCanal（红旗渠）inLinzhouwhichwasbuiltonthesideofcliffs（悬崖）oftheTaihangMountains.考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词时态2021语篇填空64visitNowadayssomepartsoftheRedFlagCanalareopentotourists.EveryyearthousandsofstudentsvisittheRedFlagCanalMuseum.动词短语2023完形填空47lookedupcameup/gaveup/showedupSuddenlyhelookedupandsawaladylookingathim.考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词短语2022完形填空42lookafterlookfor/lookover/lookthroughBellaenteredherroomandheardthecriesfromherlittlesister.Sheknewherdadwouldexpecthertolookafterhersister.考查项目年份题型题号考查内容干扰项/语境呈现动词短语2021完形填空51stoodupwokeup/lookedup/dressedupFinally，Mondayarrived.WhenMonicawascalledupontogiveherspeech，shestoodupandwalkedtothefrontoftheclasswithoutanynotes，inashowofconfidence.命题点1动词动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。（一）实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。（1）动词＋宾语。如：Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜欢这本书。（2）动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。如：WecallhimBarry.我们叫他巴里。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。注意：接省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have，see，watch，notice，hear等。（3）动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。如：Pleasepassmethesalt.请把盐给我。注意：常见的带双宾语的动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell等。2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整，不用接宾语。如：Horsesrunfast.马跑得快。（1）有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。（及物动词）Westudyhard.我们努力学习。（不及物动词）（2）有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，它的作用相当于一个及物动词。①动词＋介词。如：Listentotheteachercarefully.仔细听老师讲。此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。②动词＋副词＋介词。如：Let’sgoonwithourwork！让我们继续工作吧！Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.他和他的同学和睦相处。注意：这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。3.延续性动词和非延续性动词（1）延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live，study，work，keep，teach等。如：WehavelivedinZhengzhousince2019.自2019年以来，我们一直住在郑州。Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks.这本书你可以借两周。（2）非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一旦发生立即结束，如：buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish，arrive，join，go，come，catch等，非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他的词代替。如：Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.那个老人已经去世两年了。（这里不能用hasdied）Hearrivedherefivedaysago.他五天前到这儿的。选词填空。exercisesuggestexpectcollectsatisfyriskvaluefall1.（2023辽宁抚顺）Lindalikestopensandshehashadallkindsofpenssofar.2.（2023江苏徐州）Ifyouputallyoureggsinonebasket，youlosingeverythingallatonetime.collectrisk3.（2023辽宁沈阳）Whenautumncomes，leavesstarttofromthetrees.4.（2023辽宁丹东）Youshouldthetimewithyourparentsbecauseyouwillleavethemwhenyougrowup.5.（2023江苏无锡）—Let’sgoandgetsomethingtoeat.Whatdoyou？—Howaboutfishandchips？fallvaluesuggestexercisesuggestexpectcollectsatisfyriskvaluefall6.（2023江苏连云港）ThiskindofSmartWatchMr.Li’sdailyneeds.Hewearsitallthetime.7.（2023天津）Tokeephealthy，Daming’sgrandparentsinaparkeveryday.8.（2023江苏扬州）Wedon’tmuchfromthekidsbecausetheycan’tunderstandthevalueofthiswork.satisfiesexerciseexpectexercisesuggestexpectcollectsatisfyriskvaluefall（二）系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词没有被动语态，常见的系动词有：类别例词例句表示主语所处的状态be动词（am，is，are，was，were）Heisastrongman.他是一个强壮的人。表示人体感官的系动词taste，look，feel，smell，soundThiskindofclothfeelssoft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。Theflowersmellssweet.这朵花闻起来很香。类别例词例句表示主语从一种状态转换到另一种状态become，get，turn，growHerfaceturnsred.她的脸红了。表示某种状态的继续或保持keep，stay，remainYoumustkeephealthy.你必须保持健康。表示主语所呈现出来的状态seem，appearMr.Wangseemsveryangry.王先生似乎很生气。选用动词smell，taste，look并用其适当形式填空。9.（2023辽宁丹东改编）—Dad，whatareyoucooking？Itsogood.—Themaindishforourdinner.Youwilllikeit.10.（2023四川自贡改编）—Wouldyoulikesomefriedchicken？—No，thanks.Ithinkitdeliciousbutisunhealthy.11.（2023湖北孝感改编）—Daniel，trythisstrawberrycake.—Itdelicious.I’dliketohavesomemore.smellstastestastes12.（2023黑龙江牡丹江改编）—Yourskirtsospecial.—Ohyes，it’sverypopularthesedays.It’sahorse-faceskirt.13.Mymothersaidthatsheolderthanbefore.lookslooked（三）助动词助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。助动词功能例句be（am，is，are，was，were，been，being）构成进行时Heissingingintheclassroom.他正在教室里唱歌。TheyaskedmewhatIwasdoingallafternoon.他们问我整个下午在干什么。be（am，is，are，构成被动语态Englishisspokeninmanycountries.许多国家在讲英语。Thesetreeswerecutdownyesterday.这助动词功能例句do（does，did）构成疑问句和否定句—DoyouliveinChina？你住在中国吗？—Yes，Ido.是的，我住在中国。Hedidn’tplaybasketballyesterday.他昨天没有打篮球。加强语气Dobecareful！一定要小心！助动词功能例句do（does，did）代替前面刚出现的动词Hecoulddanceaswellashedidbefore.他跳舞跳得和以前一样好。用于倒装句SeldomdidIspeaktostrangers.我极少和陌生人说话。助动词功能例句have（has，had）构成完成时WehavestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.我们学英语已经五年了。Thegirlhasbeeninlovewithreadingformanyyears.这个女孩已经爱上读书好多年了。will（would）构成一般将来时，用于各种人称Therewillbeafootballmatchthisevening.今晚将有一场足球比赛。Heaskedmewhenwewouldleave.他问我我们何时走。用所给单词的适当形式填空。14.（2023辽宁沈阳改编）Afterthisexam，you（will）haveawonderfulholidaynextmonth.Takeiteasy！15.（2023辽宁丹东改编）We（be）friendssinceIcametothisschool.16.（2023江苏无锡改编）Hey，AuntJenny！It’syou！Ididn’texpectyou（will）comeover.Whatanicesurprise！willhavebeenwould17.（2023吉林长春改编）CouldyoupleaseturndowntheTV？Yourfather（be）workingonhisarticle.18.（2023北京改编）TheShenzhou-15astronauts（return）toEarthsafelyonJune4，2023.isreturned（四）情态动词有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需要和主要动词一起构成谓语。（详见“专题九情态动词”）命题点2动词短语一、常见的动词短语的形式动词短语示例动词＋介词laughat嘲笑worryabout担心agreewith赞成waitfor等待lookfor寻找thinkabout考虑动词＋副词breakout爆发pickup捡起throwaway扔掉cutoff切除putoff推迟growup长大动词短语示例动词＋名词makemistakes犯错误makeprogress取得进步havefun玩得开心动词＋介词＋名词gotoschool去学校gotobed上床睡觉动词＋副词＋介词stayawayfrom远离getalongwith进展；相处动词＋名词＋介词makefriendswith和……交朋友takecareof照顾（一）不同动词＋同一介词/副词about短语argueabout争论bringabout带来careabout关心；在意complainabout抱怨dreamabout梦想；梦到hearabout听说know/learnabout了解talkabout谈论thinkabout考虑worryabout担心at短语aimat瞄准；旨在arriveat到达laughat嘲笑lookat看knockat敲pointat指向shoutat对……大喊throwat投向；掷向二、常见的动词短语away短语flyaway飞走giveaway赠送；分发goaway离开putaway将……收起来throwaway扔掉runaway逃跑takeaway带走；拿走back短语bringback恢复；使想起；归还call（sb.）back（给某人）回电话comeback回来；再度流行giveback归还goback回去payback偿还talkback回嘴；顶嘴down短语breakdown出故障calmdown平静下来cutdown砍倒；削减falldown摔倒let（sb.）down使（某人）失望liedown躺下pulldown拆下；摧毁sitdown坐下slowdown减速turndown调低；关小；拒绝takedown拆卸；记录writedown写下off短语breakoff中止；中断；弄断cleanoff扫除；擦去getoff下车giveoff派遣；发出gooff发出响声payoff偿清；成功putoff拖延；推迟runoff逃跑see…off为……送行；送别sendoff发出；寄出setoff动身；启程showoff炫耀shutoff关闭；停止运转takeoff起飞；脱下turnoff关掉on短语callon号召carryon继续comeon加油decideon决定；选定dependon依靠geton上车；进展keepon继续holdon等一等；坚持passon传递live/feedon以……为食；靠……为生puton穿；增加（体重）tryon试穿turnon打开workon从事；继续工作out短语breakout爆发blowout吹灭bringout使显现；使表现出carryout执行；贯彻checkout察看；观察clearout把……清除comeout出现；显露；出版cutout切断；删除dieout灭绝findout查明；发现giveout分发goout出去out短语handout分发；发放hangout闲逛leaveout遗漏；省去lookout当心pointout指出pickout选出；辨认出putout熄灭runout用光；用尽sellout卖完；售光setout出发standout站出来；突出takeout取出tryout试验；选拔turnout结果是workout算出；解决up短语cleanup清理cutup切碎dressup打扮eatup吃光giveup放弃bringup提出；养育；培养cheerup使振奋growup成长；长大lookup查阅（词典等）；抬头看hurryup快点makeup编造；组成；化妆pickup捡起putup张贴setup建立；创立；开办showup出现；露面stayup熬夜takeup占据turnup调高；出现wakeup醒来with短语agree/disagreewith同意/不同意……的观点begin/startwith以……开始catchupwith赶上；超过comeupwith提出；想出communicatewith（与某人）交流；沟通compare…with把……与……比较dealwith解决，处理keepupwith紧跟；跟上talkwith与……谈论over短语comeover顺便来访fallover绊倒getover克服；恢（二）同一动词＋不同介词/副词come短语comeback回来comedown下来comefrom来自comein进来comeacross偶然碰到comealong出现；到来comeon快点；加油comeout出现；显露comeover顺便来访cometo共计；达到cometrue实现comeup走上前来；上升look短语lookafter照顾lookaround环顾lookat看lookfor寻找lookinto调查；审查looklike看起来像lookout留神；注意lookover仔细检查lookthrough浏览lookup查（词典等）；抬头看lookdownupon/on瞧不起lookforwardto盼望；期待give短语giveaway赠送；分发giveback归还；恢复（健康等）givein投降giveoff发出giveout分发；发放giveup放弃get短语getaway逃离getback回来getdown下来getin进入getinto卷入；进入getoff下车geton进展；上车getout离开；出去getover克服getto到达geton/alongwith与……相处put短语putaway把……收好putback放回原处；推迟putdown写下；记下putin/into插入；放进putoff推迟puton穿上；戴上putout扑灭；熄灭take短语takeaction采取行动takeafter与（父母等）相像takeaway带走takecare当心；小心takecareof照顾takedown拆卸；记录takein吸入；吞入（体内）takeover接收；接管takeoff脱下（衣服）；（飞机）起飞takeplace发生taketurns轮流takeup占据；从事turn短语turndown调低（音量）；拒绝turnin上交turninto（使）变成turnoff关闭turnon打开turnout结果是；证明是turnto转向；求助于turnup调高（音量）；出现用适当的介词或者副词填空，使句意完整、通顺。19.（2023辽宁抚顺改编）AnnislookinghernotesforherEnglishexamnow.20.（2023江苏徐州改编）IlovedthebooksomuchthatIcouldhardlyputit.21.（2023辽宁丹东改编）OnSeptember1，studentsputtheirnewschooluniformstogotoschoolhappily.throughdownon22.（2023吉林长春改编）Myfriendcanalwayscomeupgoodideastosolvehisproblems.23.（2023四川泸州改编）—I’mworriedaboutleavingmyfriendsandgoingtoanewschool.—Takeiteasy.I’msureyou’llgetalongyourclassmatesifyouarefriendlytothem.withwith24.（2023四川自贡改编）—Ms.White，IamsadthatIdidn’tpassthetest.—Keeptrying.Successdependshardwork.25.（2023安徽改编）Ourteamworkedwhattodoabouttheprojectandsuccessfullycompleteditontime.26.（2023甘肃武威改编）Igetat6a.m.soIcanleaveforschoolat7a.m.27.（2023江苏扬州改编）Papercut-outsof“doublehappiness”areoftenputinthemarriedcouple’shometobringgoodwishes.onoutupup